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The activity of enzymes at interfaces |

Electrophoresis has been a longstanding, useful
Our current research, in collaboration with
Professor
Clayton Radke, examines protein adsorption at the liquid-liquid interface
using tensiometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and by means of a
novel total internal reflection fluorescence spectrometer (TIRFS), capable of
monitoring adsorption dynamics. The activity of enzymes at the oil/water
interface has been examined using a model system, hydroxynitrile lyase.
Hydroxynitrile lyases (Hnls) are of particular interest for the production of
enantiomerically-pure cyanohydrins, due to their acceptance of a wide range of
aliphatic and aromatic substrates.
Pendant drop tensiometry
has been employed to study the dynamics of adsorption of proteins (ovalbumin,
b-casein, lysozyme, Hnl, and bovine
serum albumin) and copolymers of L-glutamic acid at the heptane/water interface.
We have characterized the dynamic adsorption behavior into three time regimes.
An initial induction regime occurs where the surface pressure remains relatively
constant, and proteins diffuse to the interface. Once a critical surface
concentration is attained, the surface pressure increases sharply as the
interface becomes saturated. Continuous loading of the surface occurs by
diffusion and relaxation of proteins at the interface. In the third regime, a
slow increase in surface pressure occurs as a result of protein conformational
changes in the adsorbed layer. A novel TIRFS apparatus has been developed pins
the liquid-liquid interface, permitting rate measurements and conformational
changes to be determined over long periods. Using extrinsic fluorescent probes,
adsorption dynamics have been be followed. Resonance energy transfer (RET) using
double-labeled proteins is used to probe conformational changes in the adsorbed
layer. A thin film surfaces forces device has been constructed to permit
disjoining pressure isotherms of proteins solutions to be measured, and
differences in the conformation of proteins at the interface observed.
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