Williams Group

Publications


2009

  • Donald, W. A.; Leib, R. D.; O'Brien, J. T.;Williams, E. R. Directly Relating Gas-Phase Cluster Measurements to Solution-Phase Hydrolysis, the Absolute Standard Hydrogen Electrode Potential, and the Absolute Proton Solvation Energy  Chem. Eur. J. 2009, DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900334 . web
  • Leib, R. D.; Flick, T. G.; Williams, E. R. Direct Quantitation of Peptide Mixtures without Standards Using Clusters Formed by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry  Anal. Chem. 2009, DOI: 10.1021/ac900294r . web
  • O'Brien, J. T.; Prell, J. S.; Steill, J. D.; Oomens, J.; Williams, E. R. Changes in Binding Motif of Protonated Heterodimers Containing Valine and Amines Investigated Using IRMPD Spectroscopy between 800 and 3700 cm−1 and Theory   J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 3905-3912. web
  • Prell, J. S.; Williams, E. R. Structures of Thermal, Mass-Selected Water Clusters Probed with Hydrophobic Ion Tags and Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 4110-4119. web
  • Prell, J. S.; Demireva, M.; Oomens, J.; Williams, E. R. Role of Sequence in Salt-Bridge Formation for Alkali Metal Cationized GlyArg and ArgGly Investigated with IRMPD Spectroscopy and Theory  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 1232-1242. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Oomens, J.; Williams, E. R. Proton Affinity and Zwitterion Stability: New Results from Infrared Spectroscopy and Theory of Cationized Lysine and Analogues in the Gas Phase  J. Phys. Chem. A 2009, 113, 431-438. web

    • 2008

  • Bush, M. F.; Saykally, R. J.; Williams, E. R. Infrared Action Spectra of Ca2+(H2O)11-69 Exhibit Spectral Signatures for Condensed-Phase Structures with Increasing Cluster Size  J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 15482-15489. web
  • Holm, A. I. S.; Donald, W. A.; Hvelplund, P.; Larsen, M. K.; Nielsen, S. B.; Williams, E. R. Investigation of Energy Deposited by Femtosecond Electron Transfer in Collisions Using Hydrated Ion Nanocalorimetry  J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 10721-10727. web
  • O'Brien, J. T.; Prell, J. S.; Steill, J. D.; Oomens, J.; Williams, E.R. Interactions of Mono- and Divalent Metal Ions with Aspartic and Glutamic Acid Investigated with IR Photodissociation Spectroscopy and Theory  J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 10823-10830. web
  • Prell, J. S.; O'Brien, J. T.; Holm, A. I. S.; Leib, R. D.; Donald, W. A.; Williams, E.R. Electron Capture by a Hydrated Gaseous Peptide: Effects of Water on Fragmentation and Molecular Survival   J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12680-12689. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Oomens, J.; Saykally, R. J.; Williams, E. R. Alkali Metal Ion Binding to Glutamine and Glutamine Derivatives Investigated by Infrared Action Spectroscopy and Theory   J. Phys. Chem. A 2008, 112, 8578-8584. web
  • Donald, W. A.; Leib, R. D.; O'Brien, J. T.; Holm, A. I. S.; Williams, E. R. Nanocalorimetry in mass spectrometry: A route to understanding ion and electron solvation   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 18102-18107. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Saykally, R.J.; Williams, E. R. Reactivity and Infrared Spectroscopy of Gaseous Hydrated Trivalent Metal Ions  Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008, 130, 9122-9128. web
  • O'Brien, J. T.; Williams, E. R. Hydration of Gaseous Copper Dications Probed by IR Action Spectroscopy Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2008, 112, 5893-5901. web
  • Holm, A. I. S.; Larson, M. K.; Panja, S.; Hvelplund, P.; Nielson, S. B.; Leib, R. D.; Donald, W. A.; Williams, E. R.; Hao, C.; Turecek, F. Electron capture, femtosecond electron transfer and theory: A study of noncovalent crown ether 1,n-diammonium alkane complexes. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2008, 276, 116-126. web
  • O'Brien, J. T.; Prell, J. S.; Holm, A. I. S. Williams, E. R. Effects of Electron Kinetic Energy and Ion-Electron Inelastic Collisions in Electron Capture Dissociation Measured Using Ion Nanocalorimetry. Journal of American Society for Mass Spectrometry 2008, 19, 772-779. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Oomens, J.; Saykally, R. J.; Williams, E. R. Effects of Alkaline Earth Metal Ion Complexation on Amino Acid Zwitterion Stability: Results from Infrared Action Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008, 130, 6463-6471 web
  • Donald, W. A.; Williams, E. R. Evaluation of Different Implementations of the Thomson Liquid Drop Model: Comparison to Monovalent and Divalent Cluster Ion Experimental Data. Journal of Physical Chemistry A 2008, 112, 3515-3522. web
  • Donald, W. A.; Leib, R. D.; O'Brien, J. T.; Bush, M. F.; Williams, E. R. Absolute Standard Hydrogen Electrode Potential Measured by Reduction of Aqueous Nanodrops in the Gas Phase. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2008, 130, 3371-3381. web

    • 2007

  • Forbes, M. W.; Bush, M. F.; Polfer, N. C; Oomens, J.; Dunbar, R. C.; Williams, E. R.; Jockusch, R. A. Infrared Spectroscopy of Arginine Cation Complexes: Direct Observation of Gas-Phase Zwitterions. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2007, 111, 11759-11770. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Prell, J. S; Saykally, R. J.; Williams, E. R. One Water Molecule Stabilizes the Cationized Arginine Zwitterion. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2007, 129, 13544-13553. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Saykally, R.J.; Williams, E. R. Hydration of the Calcium Dication: Direct Evidence for Second Shell Formation from Infrared Spectroscopy. ChemPhysChem 2007, 8, 2245 - 2253. web
  • Holm, A. I. S.; Hvelplund, P.; Kadhane, U.; Larsen, M. K.; Liu, B.; Nielsen, S. B.; Panja, S.; Pedersen, J. M.; Skrydstrup, T.; Stochkel, K.; Williams, E. R.; Worm, E. S. On the Mechanism of Electron-Capture-Induced Dissociation of Peptide Dications from 15N-Labeling and Crown-Ether Complexation. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2007, doi: 10.1021/jp075943y. web
  • Bush, M. F.; Forbes, M.W.; Jockusch, R.A; Oomens, J.; Polfer, N.C; Saykally, R.J.; Williams, E. R. Infrared Spectroscopy of Cationized Lysine and e-N-methyllysine in the Gas Phase: Effects of Alkali-Metal Ion Size and Proton Affinty on Zwitterion Stability. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2007, 111, 7753-7760. web
  • Leib, R. D.; Donald, W. A.; O'Brien, J. T.; Bush, M. F.; Williams, E. R. Reduction Energy of 1 M Aqueous Ruthenium(III) Hexaammine in the Gas Phase: A Route toward Establishing an Absolute Electrochemical Scale. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2007, 129, 7716-7717. web
  • Leib, R. D.; Donald, W. A.; Bush, M. F.; O'Brien, J. T.; Williams, E. R. Nonergodicity in Electron Capture Dissociation Investigated Using Hydrated Ion Nanocalorimetry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2007, 18, 1217-1231. web
  • Leib, R. D.; Donald, W. A.; Bush, M. F.; O'Brien, J. T.; Williams, E. R. Internal Energy Deposition in Electron Capture Dissociation Measured Using Hydrated Divalent Metal Ions as Nanocalorimeters . Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2007, 129, 4894-4895. web
  • Bush, M. F., Saykally, R. J. and Williams, E. R. Evidence for Water Rings in the Hexahydrated Sulfate Dianion from IR Spectroscopy. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2007, 129, 2220-2221.  web
  • Bush, M. F., O'Brien, J. T., Prell, J. S., Saykally, R. J. and Williams, E. R. Infrared Spectroscopy of Cationized Arginine in the Gas Phase: Direct Evidence for the Transition from Nonzwitterionic to Zwitterionic Structure. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2007, 129, 1612-1622. web 
  • Robinson, E.W.; Sellon, R.E.; Williams, E.R. Peak deconvolution in high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) to characterize macromolecular conformations. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry 2007, 259, 87-95. web

    • 2006

  • Bush, M. F., Saykally, R. J. and Williams, E. R.Formation of Hydrated Triply Charged Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions using Nanodrop Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2006, 252, 256-262. web
  • Robinson, E. W., Leib, R. D. and Williams, E. R. The Role of Conformation on Electron Capture Dissociation of Ubiquitin. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2006, 17, 1470-1480. web
  • Robinson, E. W., Garcia, D. E., Leib, R. D. and Williams, E. R. Enhanced Mixture Analysis of Poly(ethylene glycol) Using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Combined with Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry. 2006, 78, 2190-2198. web
  • Lemoff, A. S., Bush, M. F., O'Brien, J. T. and Williams, E. R. Structures of Lithiated Lysine and Structural Analogues in the Gas Phase: Effects of Water and Proton Affinity on Zwitterionic Stability. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2006, 110, 8433-8442. web
  • Lemoff, A. S., Wu, C.-C., Bush, M. F. and Williams, E. R. Binding Energies of Water to Doubly Hydrated Cationized Glutamine and Structural Analogues in the Gas Phase. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2006, 110, 3662-3669. web
  • Krishnaswamy, S. R., Williams, E. R. and Kirsch, J. F. Free energies of protein-protein association determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry correlate accurately with values obtained by solution methods. Protein Science. 2006, 15, 1465-1475. web
  • Kamariotis, A., Boyarkin, O. V., Mercier, S., Beck, R. D., Bush, M. F., Williams, E. R. and Rizzo, T. R. Infrared Spectroscopy of hydrated amino acids in the gas phase: protonated and lithiated valine.. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2006, 128, 905-916. web
  • Chakraborty, T., Holm, A. I. S., Hvelplund, P., Nielsen, S. B., Poully, J.-C., Worm, E. S. and Williams, E. R. On the Survival of Peptide Cations After Electron Capture: Role of Internal Hydrogen Bonding and Microsolvation. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2006, 17, 1675-1680. web

    • 2005

  • Wong, R. L., Williams, E. R., Counterman, A. E. and Clemmer, D. E. Evaluation of ion mobility spectroscopy for determining charge-solvated versus salt-bridge structures of protonated trimers. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2005, 16, 1009-1019. web
  • Robinson, E. W. and Williams, E. R. Multidimensional Separations of Ubiquitin Conformers in the Gas Phase: Relating Ion Cross Sections to H/D Exchange Measurements. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2005, 16, 1427-1437. web
  • Lemoff, A. S., Bush, M. F. and Williams, E. R. Structures of cationized proline analogues: Evidence for the Zwitterionic form. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2005, 109, 1903-1910. web
  • Lemoff, A. S., Bush, M. F., Wu, C. C. and Williams, E. R. Structures and hydration enthalpies of cationized glutamine and structural analogues in the gas phase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2005, 127, 10276-10286. web

    • 2004

  • Wong, R. L., Robinson, E. W. and Williams, E. R. Activation of Protonated Peptides and Molecular Ions of Small Molecules Using Heated Filaments in Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2004, 234, 1-9. web
  • Wong, R. L., Paech, K. and Williams, E. R. Blackbody Infrared Radiative Dissociation at Low Temperature: Hydration of X2+(H2O)n, for X = Mg, Ca. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2004, 232, 59-66. web
  • Williams, E. R., Jurchen, J. C., Garcia, D. E., Lemoff, A. S. and Bush, M. F. Noncovalent Biomolecule Complexes Both Large and Small. Advances in Mass Spectrometry. 2004, 16, 79-94.
  • Lemoff, A. S. and Williams, E. R. Binding energies of water to lithiated valine: Formation of solution-phase structure in vacuo. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2004, 15, 1014-1024. web
  • Iavarone, A. T., Udekwu, O. A. and Williams, E. R. Buffer loading for counteracting metal salt-induced signal suppression in electrospray ionization. Analytical Chemistry. 2004, 76, 3944-3950. web
  • Jurchen, J. C., Garcia, D. E. and Williams, E. R. Further studies on the origins of asymmetric charge partitioning in protein homodimers. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2004, 15, 1408-1415. web
  • Iavarone, A. T., Paech, K. and Williams, E. R. The Effects of Charge State and Cationizing Agent on the Electron Capture Dissociation of a Peptide. Analytical Chemistry. 2004, 76, 2231-2238. web

    • 2003

  • Wong, R. L. and Williams, E. R. Dissociation of SO42-(H2O)n clusters, n=3-17. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2003, 107, 10976-10983. web
  • Paech, K., Jockusch, R. A. and Williams, E. R. Slow infrared laser dissociation of biomolecules in the rapid energy exchange limit. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2003, 107, 2596-2596. web
  • Lemoff, A. S., Bush, M. F. and Williams, E. R. Binding energies of water to sodiated valine and structural isomers in the gas phase: The effect of proton affinity on zwitterion stability. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003, 125, 13576-13584. web
  • Iavarone, A. T. and Williams, E. R. Mechanism of charging and supercharging molecules in electrospray ionization. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003, 125, 2319-2327. web
  • Kelley, W. P., Wolters, A. M., Sack, J. T., Jockusch, R. A., Jurchen, J. C., Williams, E. R., Sweedler, J. V. and Gilly, W. F. Characterization of a novel gastropod toxin (6-bromo-2-mercaptotryptamine) that inhibits shaker K channel activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2003, 278, 34934-34942. web
  • Jurchen, J. C. and Williams, E. R. Origin of asymmetric charge partitioning in the dissociation of gas-phase protein homodimers. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2003, 125, 2817-2826. web
  • Jurchen, J. C., Cooper, R. E. and Williams, E. R. The role of acidic residues and of sodium ion adduction on the gas-phase H/D exchange of peptides and peptide dimers. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2003, 14, 1477-1487. web
  • Jurchen, J. C., Garcia, D. E. and Williams, E. R. Gas-phase dissociation pathways of multiply charged peptide clusters. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2003, 14, 1373-1386. web
  • Iavarone, A. T. and Williams, E. R. Collisionally activated dissociation of supercharged proteins formed by electrospray ionization. Analytical Chemistry. 2003, 75, 4525-4533. web

    • 2002

  • Williams, E. R. and Wysocki, V. H. Special issue: Structure of biological molecules - Foreword. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2002, 219, VII-VIII. web
  • Paech, K., Jockusch, R. A. and Williams, E. R. Slow infrared laser dissociation of molecules in the rapid energy exchange limit. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2002, 106, 9761-9766. web
  • Iavarone, A. T. and Williams, E. R. Supercharging in electrospray ionization: effects on signal and charge. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2002, 219, 63-72. web

    • 2001

  • Strittmatter, E. F. and Williams, E. R. The role of proton affinity, acidity, and electrostatics on the stability of neutral versus ion-pair forms of molecular dimers. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 2001, 212, 287-300. web
  • Rodriguez-Cruz, S. E. and Williams, E. R. Gas-phase reactions of hydrated alkaline earth metal ions, M2+(H2O)(n) (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and n=4-7), with benzene. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2001, 12, 250-257. web
  • Jockusch, R. A., Lemoff, A. S. and Williams, E. R. Hydration of valine-cation complexes in the gas phase: On the number of water molecules necessary to form a zwitterion. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2001, 105, 10929-10942. web
  • Jockusch, R. A., Lemoff, A. S. and Williams, E. R. Effect of metal ion and water coordination on the structure of a gas-phase amino acid. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2001, 123, 12255-12265. web
  • Iavarone, A. T., Jurchen, J. C. and Williams, E. R. Supercharged protein and peptide ions formed by electrospray ionization. Analytical Chemistry. 2001, 73, 1455-1460. web

    • 2000

  • Strittmatter, E. F., Wong, R. L. and Williams, E. R. Gas-phase basicity of (CH3)(3)N+-C6H4-COO- zwitterions: A new class of organic super bases. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2000, 122, 1247-1248. web
  • Strittmatter, E. F. and Williams, E. R. Structures of protonated arginine dimer and bradykinin investigated by density functional theory: Further support for stable gas-phase salt bridges. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2000, 104, 6069-6076. web
  • Strittmatter, E. F., Lemoff, A. S. and Williams, E. R. Structure of cationized glycine, gly center dot M2+ (M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), in the gas phase: Intrinsic effect of cation size on zwitterion stability. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2000, 104, 9793-9796. web
  • Strittmatter, E. F., Wong, R. L. and Williams, E. R. Effects of gas-phase basicity on the proton transfer between organic bases and trifluoroacetic acid in the gas phase: Energetics of charge solvation and salt bridges. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2000, 104, 10271-10279. web
  • Jockusch, R. A., Paech, K. and Williams, E. R. Energetics from slow infrared multiphoton dissociation of biomolecules. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 2000, 104, 3188-3196. web
  • Iavarone, A. T., Jurchen, J. C. and Williams, E. R. Effects of solvent on the maximum charge state and charge state distribution of protein ions produced by electrospray ionization. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 2000, 11, 976-985. web

    • 1999

  • Strittmatter, E. F. & Williams, E. R. Computational approach to the proton affinities of Gly(n) (n = 1-10). International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. (1999), 185-187, 935-948. web
  • Strittmatter, E. F., Schnier, P. D., Klassen, J. S. & Williams, E. R. Dissociation energies of deoxyribose nucleotide dimer anions measured using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1999), 10, 1095-1104. web
  • Schnier, P. D., Jurchen, J. C. & Williams, E. R. The effective temperature of peptide ions dissociated by sustained off-resonance irradiation collisional activation in Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. (1999), 103, 737-745. web
  • Rodriguez-Cruz, S. E., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Binding energies of hexahydrated alkaline earth metal ions, M2+(H2O)(6), M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba: Evidence of isomeric structures for magnesium. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1999), 121, 1986-1987. web
  • Rodriguez-Cruz, S. E., Klassen, J. S. & Williams, E. R. Hydration of gas-phase ions formed by electrospray ionization. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1999), 10, 958-968. web
  • Rodriguez-Cruz, S. E., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Hydration energies and structures of alkaline earth metal ions, M2+(H2O)(n), n=5-7, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1999), 121, 8898-8906. web
  • Jockusch, R. A., Price, W. D. & Williams, E. R. Structure of cationized arginine (Arg center dot M+, M = H, Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs) in the gas phase: Further evidence for zwitterionic arginine. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. (1999), 103, 9266-9274. web
  • Beyer, M., Williams, E. R. & Bondybey, V. E. Unimolecular reactions of dihydrated alkaline earth metal dications M2+(H2O)(2), M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba: Salt-bridge mechanism in the proton-transfer reaction M2+(H2O)(2)-> MOH++H3O+. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1999), 121, 1565-1573. web

    • 1998

  • Williams, E. R. et al. The Structure and Reactivity of Large Multiply Charged Biomolecular Ions. Advances in Mass Spectrometry. (1998), 14, 119-128.
  • Williams, E. R. Tandem FTMS of large biomolecules. Analytical Chemistry. (1998), 70, 179A-185A.
  • Schnier, P. D. & Williams, E. R. Analysis of isomeric mixtures using blackbody infrared radiative dissociation: Determining isomeric purity and obtaining individual tandem mass spectra simultaneously. Analytical Chemistry. (1998), 70, 3033-3041. web
  • Schnier, P. D., Klassen, J. S., Strittmatter, E. E. & Williams, E. R. Activation energies for dissociation of double strand oligonucleotide anions: Evidence for Watson-Crick base pairing in vacuo. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1998), 120, 9605-9613. web
  • Rodriguez-Cruz, S. E., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Hydration energies of divalent metal ions, Ca2+(H2O)(n) (n=5-7) and Ni2+(H2O)(n) (n=6-8), obtained by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1998), 120, 5842-5843. web
  • Price, W. D., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Binding energies of protonated betaine complexes: A probe of zwitterion structure in the gas phase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1998), 120, 3474-3484. web
  • Lillard, S. J. et al. Separation and characterization of amines from individual atrial gland vesicles of Aplysia californica. Analytical Chemistry. (1998), 70, 3517-3524. web
  • Klassen, J. S., Schnier, P. D. & Williams, E. R. Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation of oligonucleotide anions. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1998), 9, 1117-1124. web
  • Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Binding energies of proton-bound dimers of imidazole and n-acetylalanine methyl ester obtained by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. (1998), 102, 4543-4550. web
  • Chiu, D. T. et al. Probing single secretory vesicles with capillary electrophoresis. Science. (1998), 279, 1190-1193. web

    • 1997

  • Schnier, P. D., Price, W. D., Strittmatter, E. F. & Williams, E. R. Dissociation energetics and mechanisms of leucine enkephalin (M+H)(+) and (2M+X)(+) ions (X=H, Li, Na, K, and Rb) measured by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1997), 8, 771-780. web
  • RodriguezCruz, S. E., Klassen, J. S. & Williams, E. R. Hydration of gas-phase gramicidin S (M+2H)(2+) ions formed by electrospray: The transition from solution to gas-phase structure. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1997), 8, 565-568. web
  • Price, W. D., Schnier, P. D. & Williams, E. R. Binding energies of the proton-bound amino acid dimers Gly center dot Gly, Ala center dot Ala, Gly center dot Ala, and Lys center dot Lys measured by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. (1997), 101, 664-673. web
  • Price, W. D. & Williams, E. R. Activation of peptide ions by blackbody radiation: Factors that lead to dissociation kinetics in the rapid energy exchange limit. Journal of Physical Chemistry A. (1997), 101, 8844-8852. web
  • Price, W. D., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Is arginine a zwitterion in the gas phase? Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1997), 119, 11988-11989. web
  • Jockusch, R. A. et al. Effects of charge state on fragmentation pathways, dynamics, and activation energies of ubiquitin ions measured by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Analytical Chemistry. (1997), 69, 1119-1126. web
  • Gross, D. S., Zhao, Y. X. & Williams, E. R. Dissociation of heme-globin complexes by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation: Molecular specificity in the gas phase? Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1997), 8, 519-524. web

    • 1996

  • Williams, E. R. Proton transfer reactivity of large multiply charged ions. Journal of Mass Spectrometry. (1996), 31, 831-842. web
  • Schnier, P. D., Price, W. D., Jockusch, R. A. & Williams, E. R. Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation of bradykinin and its analogues: Energetics, dynamics, and evidence for salt-bridge structures in the gas phase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1996), 118, 7178-7189. web
  • Schnier, P. D., Price, W. D. & Williams, E. R. Modeling the maximum charge state of arginine-containing peptide ions formed by electrospray ionization. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1996), 7, 972-976. web
  • Price, W. D., Schnier, P. D. & Williams, E. R. Tandem mass spectrometry of large biomolecule ions by blackbody infrared radiative dissociation. Analytical Chemistry. (1996), 68, 859-866. web
  • Price, W. D., Schnier, P. D., Jockusch, R. A., Strittmatter, E. F. & Williams, E. R. Unimolecular reaction kinetics in the high-pressure limit without collisions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1996), 118, 10640-10644. web
  • Gross, D. S. & Williams, E. R. Structure of gramicidin S (M+H+X)(2+) ions (X=Li, Na, K) probed by proton transfer reactions. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1996), 118, 202-204. web
  • Gross, D. S., Schnier, P. D., RodriguezCruz, S. E., Fagerquist, C. K. & Williams, E. R. Conformations and folding of lysozyme ions in vacuo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (1996), 93, 3143-3148. web
  • Gross, D. S. & Williams, E. R. On the dissociation and conformation of gas-phase methonium ions. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. (1996), 158, 305-318.

    • 1995

  • Schnier, P. D., Gross, D. S. & Williams, E. R. Electrostatic Forces and Dielectric Polarizability of Multiply Protonated Gas-Phase Cytochrome-C Ions Probed by Ion/Molecule Chemistry. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1995), 117, 6747-6757. web
  • Schnier, P. D., Gross, D. S. & Williams, E. R. On the Maximum Charge-State and Proton-Transfer Reactivity of Peptide and Protein Ions Formed by Electrospray-Ionization. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. (1995), 6, 1086-1097. web
  • Gross, D. S. & Williams, E. R. Experimental-Measurement of Coulomb Energy and Intrinsic Dielectric Polarizability of a Multiply Protonated Peptide Ion Using Electrospray-Ionization Fourier-Transform Mass-Spectrometry. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1995), 117, 883-890. web
  • Gross, D. S., Rodriquezcruz, S. E., Bock, S. & Williams, E. R. Measurement of Coulomb Energy and Dielectric Polarizability of Gas-Plate Diprotonated Diaminoalkanes. Journal of Physical Chemistry. (1995), 99, 4034-4038. web

    • 1994

  • Williams, E. R. Electrospray-Ionization with Fourier-Transform Mass-Spectrometry. Trac-Trends in Analytical Chemistry. (1994), 13, 247-251. web
  • Collman, J. P. et al. A Synthetic Analog for the Oxygen-Binding Site in Cytochrome-C-Oxidase. Journal of the American Chemical Society. (1994), 116, 9783-9784. web